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The Completeness of Scientific Theories: On the Derivation of Empirical Indicators within a Theoretical Framework: The Case of Physical Geometry by Martin Carrier
English | PDF | 1994 | 295 Pages | ISBN : 0792324757 | 33.5 MB
Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like 'mass' and 'electron', and observation terms like 'measures three meters in length' and 'is _2° Celsius'. By simply looking at our instruments we can ascertain what numbers our measurements yield. Creatures like mass are different: we determine mass by calculation; we never directly observe a mass. Nor an electron: this term is introduced in order to explain what we observe. This (once standard) distinction between theory and observation was eventually found to be wanting. First, if the distinction holds, it is difficult to see what can characterize the relationship between theory :md observation. How can theoretical terms explain that which is itself in no way theorized? The second point leads out of the first: are not the instruments that provide us with observational material themselves creatures of theory? Is it really possible to have an observation language that is entirely barren of theory? The theory-Iadenness of observation languages is now an accept ed feature of the logic of science. Many regard such dependence of observation on theory as a virtue. If our instruments of observation do not derive their meaning from theories, whence comes that meaning? Surely - in science - we have nothing else but theories to tell us what to try to observe.

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Georges Tamer, "The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam "
English | ISBN: 3110738058 | 2021 | 172 pages | EPUB | 1331 KB
For Jews, Christians and Muslims, as for all human beings, military conflicts and war remain part of the reality of the world. The authoritative writings of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, namely the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Koran, as well as the theological and philosophical traditions based on them, bear witness to this fact. Showing the influence of different historical political situations, various views - sometimes quite similar, sometimes more divergent - have developed in the three religions to justify the waging of war under certain circumstances. Such views have also been integrated in different ways into legal systems while, in certain cases, theologies have provide legitimation for military expansion and atrocities.

The aim of the volume The Concept of Just War in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
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The Concise Art of Seduction By Robert Greene
2023 | 150 Pages | ISBN: 1847651410 | EPUB | 1 MB
The companion book to the bestselling Concise 48 Laws of Power, which has now sold over 125,000 copies in the UK. Amoral, ruthless, clever and cunning, this is the essential guide to the art of seduction.

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The Constitution of Australia: A Contextual Analysis (Constitutional Systems of the World) By Cheryl Saunders
2011 | 338 Pages | ISBN: 1841137340 | EPUB | 1 MB
Consistently with the aims of the series, the book canvasses the Australian constitutional system in a way that explains its form and operation, provides a critical evaluation of it and conveys a sense of the contemporary national debate. The chapters deal with the foundations of Australian constitutionalism, its history from the time of European settlement, the nature of the Australian Constitutions, the framework for judicial review, the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, federalism and multi-level government and rights protection. Running through all chapters is the story of the gradual evolution of Australian constitutionalism within the lean but almost unchanging framework of the formal, written, national Constitution. A second theme traces the way in which the present, distinctive, constitutional arrangements in Australia emerged from creative tension between the British and United States constitutional traditions on which the Australian Constitution originally drew and which continues to manifest itself in various ways. One of these, which is likely to be of particular interest, is Australian reliance on institutional arrangements for the purpose of the protection of rights. The book is written in a clear and accessible style for readers in both Australia and countries around the world. Each chapter is followed by additional references to enable particular issues to be pursued further by readers who seek to do so.'The Constitution of Australia' has already been cited in a High Court of Australia case: Momcilovic v The Queen [2011] HCA 34 (8 September 2011)

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The Constitution of Canada: A Contextual Analysis (Constitutional Systems of the World) By Jeremy Webber
2021 | 296 Pages | ISBN: 1509947175 | EPUB | 1 MB
The first edition of this text quickly established itself as the classic introduction to the Canadian constitution. Setting it in its historical context, noting especially the complex interaction of national and regional societies, it shows how the constitution continues to morph and shape itself. These changes are explored through key constitutional themes: democracy; parliamentarism; the rule of law; federalism; human rights; and Indigenous rights, and describes the country that has resulted from the interplay of these themes.Clarity of expression and explanation, which never veers into simplicity, combined with the author's expertise, makes this the ideal starting point for the student or comparative lawyer keen to gain a strong understanding of how Canadian democracy and government works.

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The Constitution of Romania: A Contextual Analysis (Constitutional Systems of the World) By Bianca Selejan-Gutan
2016 | 296 Pages | ISBN: 1849465134 | EPUB | 1 MB
In December 1989, Romania became the last Eastern European communist country to break with its communist dictatorship, the most powerful in the region at the time. It has struggled ever since to overcome the transition to democracy and to become a 'full-time' member of the Western democratic community of states. This book provides a contextual analysis of the Romanian constitutional system, with references to the country's troubled constitutional history and to the way in which legal transplantation has been used. The Constitution's grey areas, as well as the gap between the written constitution and the living one, will also be explained through the prism of recent events that cast a negative shadow upon the democratic nature of the Romanian constitutional system. The first chapters present a brief historical overview and an introduction to Romanian constitutional culture, as well as to the principles and general features of the 1991 Constitution. The chapters which follow explain the functioning of the institutions and their interrelations-Parliament, the President, the Government and the courts. The Constitutional Court has a special place in the book, as do local government and the protection of fundamental rights. The last chapter refers to the mechanisms and challenges of constitutional change and development.

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The Constitution of Spain: A Contextual Analysis By Victor Ferreres Comella
2013 | 306 Pages | ISBN: 1849460167 | EPUB | 1 MB
This book provides a critical introduction to the principles and institutions that make up the Spanish Constitution, which was enacted in 1978. It first explains the process of transition from Franco's dictatorship to democracy, in order to understand the historical circumstances under which the Constitution was framed. After offering a theory to justify the authority of the Constitution over ordinary laws, the book proceeds to explain the basic principles of the Spanish political regime, as well as the structure of its complex legal system. Later chapters focus on various institutions, such as the Crown, Parliament and the Government. A specific chapter is devoted to the territorial distribution of power between the State, the regions and local government. The last two chapters deal with the constitutional role of courts, and the protection of fundamental rights. The book includes some reflections on the challenges that lie ahead and the constitutional reforms that may need to be considered in the future.

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The Constitutional Monarchy in France, 1814-48 (Seminar Studies) By Pamela M. Pilbeam
2016 | 152 Pages | ISBN: 1138158186 | EPUB | 1 MB
Historians in France assume that the restoration of Monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon was doomed. The first compact recent history of the period in English, this book reveals that although the French experimented with two Monarchies and a Republic (1814 - 48), there was substantial stability. The Institutional framework constructed during the Revolutionary years (1789 - 1814) remained intact, and the ruling elites retained basic control.

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The Cosmic Keyhole: How Astronomy Is Unlocking the Secrets of the Universe by William J.H. Gater
English | PDF,EPUB | 2009 | 262 Pages | ISBN : 144190512X | 5.71 MB
It is 400 years since Galileo first turned the newly invented telescope towards the heavens and saw things that few had ever seen before. His discoveries, along with those of his contemporaries, completely changed our view of the world.

Since that time, there have been many revolutions in our understanding of the universe, some perhaps even more revolutionary than the ones from Galileo's time. In this book, Will Gater leads us through various recent advances in modern astronomy that have increased our understanding of the universe and seen it grow from a single Solar System full of intriguing worlds to a galaxy filled with other star systems and their own planets - maybe even Earthlike worlds.
This is a journey like no other. What you glimpse through Gater's keyhole is vast, breathtakingly beautiful, and sometimes utterly bizarre, certainly unfamiliar to those of us on Terra Firma. From the desolate plains of Mars and the frozen moons of the outer Solar System, from the Milky Way to the ends of the universe, you will learn of wonders often hard to describe and sometimes even harder to fathom. And you, too, will come to know some of the enthralling secrets of the universe.
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The Cost of Corrosion in China by Baorong Hou
English | EPUB (True) | 2019 | 950 Pages | ISBN : 9813293535 | 257.5 MB
This book comprehensively covers corrosion and corrosion protection in China in the areas including infrastructure, transportation, energy, water environment, as well as manufacturing and public utilities. Furthermore, it presents a major consulting project of Chinese Academy of Engineering, which was the largest corrosion investigation project in Chinese history, including the corresponding methods, processes and corrosion protection strategies, and provides valuable information for numerous industries. Sharing essential insights into corrosion prediction and decision-making, this book will help to decrease costs and extend the service life of equipment and facilities; accordingly, it will benefit scientists and engineers working on corrosion research and protection, as well as economists and government employees.

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The Countenance Of The Father By Adrienne von Speyr
2012 | 101 Pages | ISBN: 0898706203 | EPUB | 1 MB
A twentieth-century mystic's meditative reflection on the role of God the Father in eternity and in time. The book brings the reader a greater awareness of the First Person of the Trinity in eternity, and the interaction of the Three Persons. Then the reader is helped to consider the role of the Father in creation and throughout salvation history. Finally we are led to contemplate the Eternal Life toward which the Father's love is drawing us.A very approachable and beautiful work, Adrienne closes her prayerful and meditative exploration with: ""Thus, by virtue of the Son's sacrifice and his having brought the world home again, the Father is able to regard men as his eternal creatures. Eternal life is not situated in heaven, far from man's grasp, something self-enclosed; it is the life-filled Word, in which men have a share because they are capable of taking it in. And that capability is itself grace.""

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Hagit Hadassa Lavsky, "The Creation of the German-Jewish Diaspora: Interwar German-Jewish Immigration to Palestine, the USA, and England"
English | ISBN: 3110500612 | 2017 | 166 pages | PDF | 39 MB
This book is first of its kind to deal with the interwar Jewish emigration from Germany in a comparative framework and follows the entire migration process from the point of view of the emigrants. It combines the usage of social and economic measures with the individual stories of the immigrants, thereby revealing the complex connection between the socio-economic profile varieties and the decisions regarding emigration - if, when and where to. The encounter between the various immigrant-refugee groups and the different host societies in different times produced diverse stories of presence, function, absorption and self-awareness in the three major overseas destinations - Palestine, the USA, and Great Britain - despite the ostensibly common German-Jewish heritage. Thus German-Jewish immigrants created a new and nuanced fabric of the German-Jewish Diaspora in its main three centers, and shaped distinct identifications and legacies in Israel, Britain, and the United States.

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DK, "The Crime Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained "
English | ISBN: 1465462864 | 2017 | 352 pages | EPUB | 183 MB
Learn about the world's most notorious cons, heists, and murders in The Crime Book.

Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about Crime in this overview guide to the subject, great for novices looking to find out more and true crime experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The Crime Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in.
This captivating book will broaden your understanding of Crime, with:
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Duncan Harding, "The Criminal Mind"
English | ISBN: 024144683X | 2024 | 400 pages | EPUB | 865 KB
The harrowing memoir of forensic psychiatrist Dr Duncan Harding

As a forensic psychiatrist, Duncan Harding has worked on some of the most harrowing cases one can imagine. spending time in the prison service, the Old Bailey and at Broadmoor psychiatric hospital. His is a life spent working with serial killers, psychopaths, children who kill their family and friends. From notorious cases of gang violence and repeated domestic abuse, to a twelve year old boy who set fire to his classmate's face, Harding reckons daily with humankind's unspeakable capacity for sadistic violence.

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Charlotte Gauthier, "The Crusades and the Far-Right in the Twenty-First Century "
English | ISBN: 0367470438 | 2024 | 114 pages | EPUB | 1312 KB
Engaging the Crusades is a series of concise volumes (up to 50,000 words) which offer initial windows into the ways in which the crusades have been used in the last two centuries, demonstrating that the memory of the crusades is an important and emerging subject. Together these studies suggest that the memory of the crusades, in the modern period, is a productive, exciting, and much-needed area of investigation.

This volume explores how crusading rhetoric, iconography, and historiography have been purposed by far-right, nationalist, and related groups in the recent past through case studies as varied as Brenton Tarrant, who killed 51 people at a mosque and Islamic centre in New Zealand in March 2019; a modern American 'military order' that uses memes to recruit members and spread its ideology; and the bestselling video game Assassin's Creed. As nationalist and far-right ideologies have gained adherents in Europe and the Americas, understanding how ideologues have misused the crusading past for their own ends is more important than ever.
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