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Early Analytic Philosophy: Origins and Transformations
by James F. Conant and Gilad Nir
English | 2025 | ISBN: 1032378360 | 465 Pages | True PDF | 4.5 MB

The past few decades have seen considerable interest in the history of analytic philosophy. As this field has developed, complex and provocative questions have emerged about the very nature of analytic philosophy, challenging longstanding assumptions and spawning new research paradigms.
In this outstanding collection, an international team of contributors examine these questions and contribute to these debates, exploring the idea of analysis, the essence and status of logic, the nature of the proposition and its linguistic expression, the logical act of judgment, the distinction between external and internal relations, the possibility of category mistakes, and the demarcation of sense from nonsense. Several of the chapters shed light on the interconnections between Wittgenstein and other figures within that tradition, including Frege, Russell, Ramsey, and Ryle. Other chapters examine the interaction between analytic philosophers and members of other philosophical traditions, including Frege and Weierstrass, Wittgenstein and Schopenhauer, Wittgenstein and Bradley, Russell and the North American Pragmatists, Russell and the Neo-Kantians, Wittgenstein and Heidegger, and Heidegger and Ryle. Among the specific topics explored are Russell's conception of the judging subject, Wittgenstein's discussion of rule-following, Frege's conception of the logical categories, and Wittgenstein's conception of nonsense.
The volume also includes a book review by Gilbert Ryle - collected and published non-anonymously here for the first time - which sheds important light on the reception of Frege's philosophy in the analytic tradition.
Early Analytic Philosophy: Origins and Transformations will be of great interest to those studying and researching the history of twentieth-century philosophy, contemporary analytic philosophy, and the philosophy of language and logic.

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Early Childhood Education and Care in India: Exploring Policies and Praxis
by Mona Lisa Bal
English | 2025 | ISBN: 3031730704 | 355 Pages | True PDF | 4.6 MB

This book delves into the complex landscape of the Indian early childhood education system, traversing its historical roots, contemporary dynamics and future aspirations. It unveils the intrinsic needs of young learners during their formative years, underscored by the pivotal role education plays in their holistic development. Tracing the origins of the education system in India to its current state, the book navigates an evolving educational milieu, shedding light on pivotal junctures and transformative shifts. The author also envisions its trajectory for the future, encapsulating the collective aspirations for educational reform and advancement. By intertwining theoretical frameworks with real-world examples, the book offers a holistic understanding of how India nurtures its youngest citizens and prepares them for a brighter future. It will be of interest to students and scholars of early childhood education, education policy, curriculum and pedagogy, while also providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers.

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Early Childhood Theorists and Approaches Explained
by Chloe Webster
English | 2025 | ISBN: 1032691336 | 163 Pages | True PDF | 7.1 MB

This new book provides accessible explanations of the key theories, concepts, and approaches that form the foundations of early childhood education. Unpicking terms like "attachment," "constructivism," and "heuristic play" and introducing both established and less-known contemporary theorists, it is designed to be an easy and comprehensive guide to early childhood theories and approaches, an often complex topic to understand and explore fully.
The book is divided into two parts. The first provides a brief overview of the theorists and approaches, both historical and modern, with explanations, backgrounds, benefits, and criticisms where appropriate. It also defines key terms used in theory and research alongside examples of how they work in practice. Part 2 looks more broadly at how these theories and approaches have been incorporated into settings and present-day policies. The chapters also offer insights from practitioners on how the theories are used successfully and how different countries and cultures adopt and implement particular approaches.
This latest book in the Key Concepts in Early Childhood Series is essential reading for early years practitioners and students who want to support their studies and deepen their understanding, as it makes the pedagogical theories behind the early years curriculum and framework easy to understand and apply.

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Early Christianity in Alexandria: From its Beginnings to the Late Second Century
by M. David Litwa
English | 2024 | ISBN: 1009449559 | 240 Pages | PDF | 1.24 MB

Alexandria was the epicenter of Hellenic learning in the ancient Mediterranean world, yet little is known about how Christianity arrived and developed in the city during the late first and early second century CE. In this volume, M. David Litwa employs underused data from the Nag Hammadi codices and early Christian writings to open up new vistas on the creative theologians who invented Christianities in Alexandria prior to Origen and the catechetical school of the third century. With clarity and precision, he traces the surprising theological continuities that connect Philo and later figures, including Basilides, Carpocrates, Prodicus, and Julius Cassianus, among others. Litwa demonstrates how the earliest followers of Jesus navigated Jewish theology and tradition, while simultaneously rejecting many Jewish customs and identity markers before and after the Diaspora Revolt. His book shows how Christianity in Alexandria developed distinctive traits and seeded the world with ideas that still resonate today.

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Early Churches of Mexico: An Architect's View by Beverley Spears
English | November 1, 2017 | ISBN: 0826358179 | True PDF | 408 pages | 218 MB
Following the Spanish conquest of Mexico in the early 1500s, Franciscan, Dominican, and Augustinian friars fanned out across the central and southern areas of the country, founding hundreds of mission churches and monasteries to evangelize the Native population. This book documents more than 120 of these remarkable sixteenth-century sites in duotone black-and-white photographs.

Virtually unknown outside Mexico, these complexes unite architecture, landscape, mural painting, and sculpture on a grand scale, in some ways rivaling the archaeological sites of the Maya and Aztecs. They represent a fascinating period in history when two distinct cultures began interweaving to form the fabric of modern Mexico. Many were founded on the sites of ancient temples and reused their masonry, and they were ornamented with architectural murals and sculptures that owe much to the existing Native tradition-almost all the construction was done by indigenous artisans.
With these photos, Spears celebrates this unique architectural and cultural heritage to help ensure its protection and survival.

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Charles Gibbs-Smith - Early Flying Machines 1799-1909
Eyre Methuen | 1976 | ISBN: 0413330206 | English | 136 pages | PDF | 106.24 MB

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Early Greek Epic Fragments III: Epics on Herakles and Theseus: Panyassis' ›Herakleia‹ and the ›Theseis‹
by Christos Tsagalis
English | 2024 | ISBN: 3111447278 | 360 Pages | True ePUB | 2.41 MB

This is the third volume in the series of commentaries on Early Greek Epic Fragments (EGEF III). It contains introduction, text, translation, and commentary on the Herakleia by Panyassis of Halikarnassos and on the Theseis. Two other volumes have been already published (EGEF I: Genealogical and Antiquarian Epic, De Gruyter 2017; EGEF II: Epics on Herakles: Kreophylos and Peisandros, De Gruyter 2022) and one more is to follow (EGEF IV: The Persika by Choerilos of Samos). This sub-series within TCSV aims to provide scholars and students with up-to-date commentaries on the extant fragments of early Greek epic that have not received, contrary to Cyclic epic, the attention they deserve.

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Early Internationalizing Firms: A Journey Through Decades of Research by Rubina Romanello , Maria Chiarvesio
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2025 | 216 Pages | ISBN : 303180127X | 10.6 MB
This monograph offers a thorough review of four decades of research on early internationalizing firms, focusing on Born Globals and International New Ventures. It systematically examines 323 empirical studies, exploring the origins, evolution, and key themes within this field. The book covers the theoretical foundations, internationalization strategies, performance outcomes, and the impact of digital technologies on these firms. It also addresses ongoing debates and identifies areas where further research is needed, presenting a clear agenda for future studies.

Targeted at scholars, researchers, and advanced students in International Business, Entrepreneurship, and related fields, this monograph is an essential resource for understanding the complexities of early internationalization. It provides valuable insights into the international growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the factors that influence their success in global markets.
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Edmund Herzig, "Early Islamic Iran (The Idea of Iran) "
English | ISBN: 1780760612 | 2011 | 192 pages | EPUB | 7 MB
How did Iran remain distinctively Iranian in the centuries which followed the Arab Conquest? How did it retain its cultural distinctiveness after the displacement of Zoroastrianism - state religion of the Persian empire - by Islam? This latest volume in "The Idea of Iran" series traces that critical moment in Iranian history which followed the transformation of ancient traditions during the country's conversion and initial Islamic period. Distinguished contributors (who include the late Oleg Grabar, Roy Mottahedeh, Alan Williams and Said Amir Arjomand) discuss, from a variety of literary, artistic, religious and cultural perspectives, the years around the end of the first millennium CE, when the political strength of the 'Abbasid Caliphate was on the wane, and when the eastern lands of the Islamic empire began to be take on a fresh 'Persianate' or 'Perso-Islamic' character. One of the paradoxes of this era is that the establishment throughout the eastern Islamic territories of new Turkish dynasties coincided with the genesis and spread, into Central and South Asia, of vibrant new Persian language and literatures.

Exploring the nature of this paradox, separate chapters engage with ideas of kingship, authority and identity and their fascinating expression through the written word, architecture and the visual arts.
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Early Modern Literature and the Bodies of a Reformed Eucharist
by Julianne Sandberg
English | 2025 | ISBN: 1350452890 | 185 Pages | True PDF | 8 MB

Examining what the eucharist taught early modern writers about their bodies and how it shaped the bodies they wrote about, this book shows how the exegetical roots of the Eucharistic controversy in 16th century England had very material and embodied consequences. To apprehend the nature of Christ's body-its nature, presence, closeness, and efficacy-for these writers, was also to understand one's own. And conversely, to know one's own body was to know something particular about Christ's. Sandberg provides new insights into how Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Donne, and Aemilia Lanyer use the reformed eucharistic paradigm to imagine the embodied significance of the sacrament for their own bodies, the bodies of their narrative subjects, and the body of their literary work. She shows the significance of this paradigm was for poets and playwrights at this time to represent the embodied self and negotiate how the body was read, interpreted and understood.

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Guy Bradley, "Early Rome to 290 BC: The Beginnings of the City and the Rise of the Republic "
English | ISBN: 0748621105 | 2020 | 432 pages | EPUB | 7 MB
A new view of early Rome as a highly mobile society within a wider interconnected Mediterranean network

Covers the rise of Rome from small scale community to supremacy in central ItalyUses the latest archaeological evidence to demonstrate the sophisticated and cosmopolitan nature of early RomeAnalyses the origins of Rome's Republican form of government and of its aggressive drive to conquerIn the first few centuries of its existence, Rome developed from a minor settlement on the Tiber into the most powerful city-state in Italy.
Guy Bradley examines the reasons for Rome's emergence and success within a highly competitive Italian environment, and how much it owed to its neighbours. He explains how many of Rome's key characteristics, such as its powerful ruling elite, its stable political institutions, its openness to outsiders, and its intensely militaristic society, were shaped by their origins in the monarchy and early Republic.
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Early Ryukyuan History: A New Model
by Gregory Smits
English | 2024 | ISBN: 0824897633 | 345 Pages | PDF | 19 MB

The Ryukyu islands have been inhabited by humans for over 30,000 years. Their modern population, however, did not come from stone-age ancestors, nor did distinctive forms of Ryukyuan culture, such as sacred groves or stone-walled castles, emerge from within the islands. Instead, different groups of people lived in the Ryukyu islands at various points in history. Starting with the earliest extant human remains and ending with the formation of a centralized state in the early 1500s, Early Ryukyuan History traces the people, culture, technologies, goods, and networks that entered different parts of Ryukyu over time. In the process, it synthesizes decades of research in archaeology and anthropology, recent advances in genetic evidence, and conventional documentary sources to advance a new model for the early development of the Ryukyu islands, thoroughly rewriting early Ryukyuan history.
Taking a multidisciplinary approach grounded in archaeology, this resource presents an updated framework for understanding early Ryukyu along with a new narrative featuring a fascinating cast of characters. Linked by the ocean into the East China Sea, the early Ryukyu islands were never isolated. People and technologies arrived from across the sea and became the prime movers of early Ryukyuan society. The most consequential of these external agents were waves of immigrants, mainly from the Japanese islands, who settled the Ryukyu islands during the eleventh and twelfth centuries and replaced the islands' previous Jōmon population. While the physical environment of the Ryukyu islands was not conducive to cereal agriculture, the islands were well situated for trading and raiding, and trade became the driving force behind societal development.
In Early Ryukyuan History, Gregory Smits reappraises the most fundamental questions and topics in early Ryukyuan history, providing new models of migration and settlement, regional trade, political geography, warfare, and state formation.

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Lydia Schumacher, "Early Thirteenth-Century English Franciscan Thought "
English | ISBN: 3110682400 | 2021 | 341 pages | EPUB | 3 MB
The thirteenth century was a dynamic period in intellectual history which witnessed the establishment of the first universities, most famously at Paris and Oxford. At these and other major European centres of learning, English-born Franciscans came to hold prominent roles both in the university faculties of the arts and theology and in the local studia across Europe that were primarily responsible for training Franciscans. This volume explores the contributions to scholarship of some of the leading English Franciscans or Franciscan associates from this period, including Roger Bacon, Adam Marsh, John Pecham, Thomas of Yorke, Roger Marston, Robert Grosseteste, Adam of Exeter, Richard Rufus of Cornwall, and Bartholomew of England. Through focussed studies of these figures' signature ideas, contributions will provide a basis for drawing comparisons between the English Franciscan school and others that existed at the time, most famously at Paris.

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Earth, Water, Fire, and Air: Essential Ways of Connecting to Spirit By Cait Johnson
2002 | 224 Pages | ISBN: 1893361659 | EPUB | 1 MB
Discover the elemental approach to spirituality―keys to self-healing and re-connection to the earth."When we explore and savor and interact with these elements, we are both remembering a primal connection and forging it anew. Welcome, then, to this travel guide for a journey with a particular purpose: connecting with the elements that are so basic and universal to all of us. We will look at the many ways that different faiths have danced with earth, water, fire, and air throughout history, coming to a deeper appreciation of each way's uniqueness and a greater respect for one another's paths, at the same time remembering the commonality of our human beginnings."―from the PrefaceThe root of human spirituality is grounded in four elements―earth, water, fire and air. They are common to all people and almost every spiritual path; they are the keys to our understanding of Spirit; and they can help you achieve personal fulfillment and re-connection with others.This inspiring guidebook explains the role of the elements in different faith traditions and how they've been incorporated into religious practices and ceremonies. You will be encouraged to explore your own spiritual connection to the elements through engaging activities, enlightening meditations and evocative poems and prayers.Earth, Water, Fire & Air is a celebration of how all people are connected by the elements. You will come away with a deeper relationship to others, your own spirit, and this sacred planet. You can't help but be drawn into the elemental approach to spirituality detailed in these pages. Identifying the four basic elements as humanity's first ways of knowing Spirit and reminding us of their value for spiritual nourishment, Earth, Water, Fire & Air reveals our human interconnectedness and offers a fascinating look at element-based symbols, traditions and ceremonies.Explore the spiritual traditions that have incorporated the elements into their practices, including:Buddhism * Christianity * Earth-honoring paths * Hinduism * Islam * Judaism Creative activity suggestions serve to enrich our spiritual relationship with each element―both individually and in community with others―and to help us discover how deeply nourishing it can be to live in an elemental way.

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Earthborn Democracy: A Political Theory of Entangled Life (Critical Life Studies) by Joel Alden Schlosser, Ali Aslam, David W. McIvor
English | September 10, 2024 | ISBN: 0231216416, 0231216424 | True EPUB | 232 pages | 2.3 MB
Ecological crises threaten all forms of life on earth. Democracy too is endangered, as popular discontent, elite malfeasance, and unresponsive institutions imperil its survival. Present political concepts have proven inadequate to meeting these challenges, and their inadequacies are themselves symptoms of the failures of prevailing political, cultural, and ecological stories and practices.

This book offers a new vision of ecological and participatory democratic life for a time of crisis. Identifying myth and ritual as key resources for contemporary politics, Earthborn Democracy excavates practices and narratives that illustrate the interdependence necessary to inspire ecological renewal. It tells stories of multispecies agency and egalitarian political organization across history, from ancient Mesopotamia and the precolonial Americas to contemporary social movements, emphasizing Indigenous traditions and resistance. Resonating across these practices and stories past and present is a belief that we are all―human as well as nonhuman―earthborn, and this can serve as the basis for reimagining democracy. Allying visionary political theory with environmental activism, Earthborn Democracy provides a foundation and a guide for collective action in pursuit of earthly flourishing.

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